Coping trajectories of intensive care nurses as second victims: A grounded theory.

A qualitative study that provides evidence of the institutional support required by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses as second victims of adverse events (AEs). BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of second victims of AE in healthcare professionals can seriously impact professional confidence and contribute to the ongoing occurrence of AEs in hospitals. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the coping trajectories of second victims among nurses working in ICUs in public hospitals in Chile. METHODS: Conducting qualitative research through the grounded theory method, this study focused on high-complexity hospitals in Chile, using theoretical sampling. The participants consisted of 11 nurses working in ICUs. Techniques used included in-depth interviews conducted between March and May 2023, as well as a focus group interview. Analysis, following the grounded theory approach proposed by Strauss and Corbin, involved constant comparison of data. Open, axial, and selective coding were applied until theoretical data saturation was achieved. The study adhered to reliability and authenticity criteria, incorporating a reflexive process throughout the research. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee, and the study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. RESULTS: From the interviews, 29 codes were identified, forming six categories: perception of support when facing an AE, perception of helplessness when facing an AE, initiators of AE, responses when facing an AE, professional responsibility, and perception of AE. The perception of support when facing an AE emerged as the main category, determining whether the outcome was stagnation or overcoming of the phenomenon after the AE. CONCLUSIONS: For the coping process of ICU nurses following an AE, the most crucial factor is the support from colleagues and supervisors.

The role experience of advanced practice nurses in oncology: An interpretative phenomenological study.

AIM(S): To understand the experiences of advanced practice nurses working in cancer care. DESIGN: Phenomenological qualitative study. METHODS: Three focus groups were held to collect qualitative data. Participants were recruited through theoretical non-probabilistic sampling of maximum variation, based on 12 profiles. Data saturation was achieved with a final sample of 21 oncology advanced practice nurses who were performing advanced clinical practice roles in the four centers from December 2021 to March 2022. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was performed following Guba and Lincoln's criteria of trustworthiness. The centers' ethics committee approved the study, and all participants gave written informed consent. Data analysis was undertaken with NVivo 12 software. RESULTS: Three broad themes emerged from the data analysis: the role performed, facilitators and barriers in the development of the role and nurses' lived experience of the role. CONCLUSION: Advanced practice nurses are aware that they do not perform their role to its full potential, and they describe different facilitators and barriers. Despite the difficulties, they present a positive attitude as well as a capacity for leadership, which has allowed them to consolidate the advanced practice nursing role in unfavourable environments. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION: These results will enable institutions to establish strategies at different levels in the implementation and development of advanced practice nursing roles. REPORTING METHOD: Reporting complied with COREQ criteria for qualitative research. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTIONS: No patient or public contribution.

Patients' and professionals' experiences with advanced practice nursing in cancer care: A qualitative study.

PURPOSE: The growing complexity of cancer treatments requires changes in how care is organized and who provides it. The incorporation of advanced practice nursing roles within multidisciplinary teams can improve care in cancer patients. This study aims to understand the lived experience of cancer patients and multidisciplinary professionals in relation to the care provided by advanced practice nurses (APN). METHODS: Phenomenological qualitative study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and a field diary. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling; until theoretical data saturation was achieved. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was performed, following Guba and Lincoln's criteria for trustworthiness. RESULTS: Interviews were performed with 18 professionals and 11 patients, from high-complexity public hospitals between March-December 2021. The main themes that emerged were: Advanced practice nurse role and competencies, Benefits provided by the APN, and Relevant aspects of nursing care. CONCLUSION: Advanced practice nurses play a fundamental role in cancer care, making positive contributions to the patient experience and to the multidisciplinary team's work. Elucidating the contribution of advanced practice nurses in oncology will facilitate the definition of their specific competencies and, in turn, the implementation of training and management strategies to consolidate this figure in specialized centers.

Prevalence of the second victim phenomenon among intensive care unit nurses and the support provided by their organizations.

BACKGROUND: Health professionals can be 'second victims' of adverse patient events. Second victimhood involves a series of physical and psychological signs and symptoms of varying severity and is most prevalent among nurses and women and in intensive care units (ICUs). Previous research has described personal and organizational coping strategies. AIM: The objective of this research is to determine the prevalence of second victimhood, focusing on psychological distress, among Chilean adult intensive care nurses and its relationship with the support provided by their organizations. STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted in seven intensive care units of Chilean hospitals. RESULTS: Of a sample of 326 nurses, 90.18% reported having been involved in an adverse event and 67% reported psychological distress resulting from the adverse event. Embarrassment was the most prevalent psychological symptom (69%). Only 2.8% reported that their organization had an action plan for professionals in the event of a serious adverse event. Participants who had spent longer working in an ICU reported more support from their organization around adverse events. CONCLUSION: Two-thirds of Chilean adult intensive care unit nurses report psychological stress following an adverse event. These results should be assessed internationally because second victims have major implications for the well-being of health professionals and, therefore, for retention and the quality of care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Critical care leaders must actively promote a safe environment for learning from adverse events, and hospitals must establish a culture of quality that includes support programmes for second victims.

Factores de complejidad de cuidados asociados a la reconsulta en un servicio de urgencias / Care complexity factors associated with revisits to an emergency department

Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia de factores de complejidad de cuidados en los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias y determinar su relación con las reconsultas durante los 30 días posteriores a la vista inicial. Método: Estudio observacional transversal correlacional. Se incluyeron de forma consecutiva todos aquellos pacientes adultos que consultaron al servicio de urgencias de un hospital de tercer nivel durante un periodo de 6 meses. Las variables principales del estudio fueron la reconsulta a los 30 días y 26 factores individuales de complejidad de cuidados categorizados en 5 fuentes (psicoemocional, mental-cognitiva, sociocultural, evolutiva, comorbilidades-complicaciones). Los datos fueron recogidos de la historia clínica electrónica. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 15.556 episodios de pacientes. El 82,4% (12.811) presentó algún factor de complejidad de cuidados y el 11,9% (1.088) de los pacientes dados de alta reconsultaron durante los 30 días posteriores. La presencia de mayor número de factores de complejidad de cuidados se asoció a la reconsulta a los 30 días (OR: 1,26; IC 95%: 1,11-1,43; p < 0,05), y los siguientes factores se asociaron con reconsulta: incontinencia, inestabilidad hemodinámica, riesgo de hemorragia, extremo de edad, ansiedad y temor, deterioro de funciones cognitivas y analfabetismo (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de factores de complejidad de cuidados en pacientes que consultan en el servicio de urgencias es elevada. Los pacientes que reconsultaron a los 30 días presentaron mayor número de factores de complejidad, por lo que su identificación precoz podría ayudar a estratificar los pacientes y diseñar estrategias preventivas para disminuir la incidencia de reconsultas. (AU)

Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of care complexity factors (CCFs) in patients coming to an emergency department (ED) and to analyze their relation to 30-day ED revisits. Methods: Observational, correlational, and cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients seeking care from a tertiarylevel hospital ED were included over a period of 6 months. The main variables studied were 30-day revisits to the ED and 26 CCFs categorized in 5 domains: psychoemotional, mental-cognitive, sociocultural, developmental, and comorbidity/complications. Data were collected from hospital records for analysis of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 15 556 patient episodes were studied. A CCF was recorded in 12 811 patient records (82.4%), and 1088 (11.9%) of the patients discharged directly from the ED revisited within 30 days. The presence of more CCFswas associated with 30-day revisits (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11-1.43; P < .05). The CCFs that were significantly associated with revisits were incontinence, hemodynamic instability, risk for bleeding, anxiety, very advanced age, anxiety and fear, cognitive impairment, and illiteracy. Conclusions: The prevalence of CCFs is high in patients who seek ED care. Patients revisiting within 30 days of an episode have more CCFs. Early identification of such patients would help to stratify risk and develop preventive strategies to decrease the incidence of revisiting. (AU)

Care complexity factors associated with revisits to an emergency department. / Factores de complejidad de cuidados asociados a la reconsulta en un servicio de urgencias.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of care complexity factors (CCFs) in patients coming to an emergency department (ED) and to analyze their relation to 30-day ED revisits. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, correlational, and cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients seeking care from a tertiarylevel hospital ED were included over a period of 6 months. The main variables studied were 30-day revisits to the ED and 26 CCFs categorized in 5 domains: psychoemotional, mental-cognitive, sociocultural, developmental, and comorbidity/complications. Data were collected from hospital records for analysis of descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: A total of 15 556 patient episodes were studied. A CCF was recorded in 12 811 patient records (82.4%), and 1088 (11.9%) of the patients discharged directly from the ED revisited within 30 days. The presence of more CCFs was associated with 30-day revisits (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11-1.43; P .05). The CCFs that were significantly associated with revisits were incontinence, hemodynamic instability, risk for bleeding, anxiety, very advanced age, anxiety and fear, cognitive impairment, and illiteracy. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CCFs is high in patients who seek ED care. Patients revisiting within 30 days of an episode have more CCFs. Early identification of such patients would help to stratify risk and develop preventive strategies to decrease the incidence of revisiting.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la prevalencia de factores de complejidad de cuidados en los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias y determinar su relación con las reconsultas durante los 30 días posteriores a la vista inicial. METODO: Estudio observacional transversal correlacional. Se incluyeron de forma consecutiva todos aquellos pacientes adultos que consultaron al servicio de urgencias de un hospital de tercer nivel durante un periodo de 6 meses. Las variables principales del estudio fueron la reconsulta a los 30 días y 26 factores individuales de complejidad de cuidados categorizados en 5 fuentes (psicoemocional, mental-cognitiva, sociocultural, evolutiva, comorbilidades-complicaciones). Los datos fueron recogidos de la historia clínica electrónica. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron un total de 15.556 episodios de pacientes. El 82,4% (12.811) presentó algún factor de complejidad de cuidados y el 11,9% (1.088) de los pacientes dados de alta reconsultaron durante los 30 días posteriores. La presencia de mayor número de factores de complejidad de cuidados se asoció a la reconsulta a los 30 días (OR: 1,26; IC 95%: 1,11-1,43; p 0,05), y los siguientes factores se asociaron con reconsulta: incontinencia, inestabilidad hemodinámica, riesgo de hemorragia, extremo de edad, ansiedad y temor, deterioro de funciones cognitivas y analfabetismo (p 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de factores de complejidad de cuidados en pacientes que consultan en el servicio de urgencias es elevada. Los pacientes que reconsultaron a los 30 días presentaron mayor número de factores de complejidad, por lo que su identificación precoz podría ayudar a estratificar los pacientes y diseñar estrategias preventivas para disminuir la incidencia de reconsultas.

National validation of the nursing Intensive-Care satisfaction scale: Research protocol.

AIM: Validate the Nursing Intensive-Care Satisfaction Scale in ICUs throughout Spain. Identify the improvement strategies recommended by the patients and professionals. DESIGN: Quantitative psychometric methodology and a cross-sectional descriptive correlational design. METHODS: The study population will be all patients discharged from 19 participating ICUs in Spain. Consecutive sampling (n = 564). Once discharged from the ICUs, they will receive the questionnaire and then, after 48 hours it will be given to them again to analyse the temporal stability. To validate the questionnaire, the internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha) and temporal stability (test-retest) will be analysed. RESULTS: Improve the quality of nursing care by modifying, changing or strengthening behaviours, skills, attitudes or areas for improvement involved in the process.

La colaboración interdisciplinar en las unidades de cuidados intensivos / Interdisciplinary collaboration in intensive care units from the experience of nurses

Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia vivida por las enfermeras que trabajan en las UCI polivalentes de un hospital de tercer nivel de la ciudad de Barcelona en relación con la colaboración interprofesional. Metodología: Diseño cualitativo exploratorio, multicéntrico de tipo descripción interpretativa. El ámbito de estudio fue cuatro UCI polivalentes de cuatro hospitales públicos y universitarios de tercer nivel. La muestra estuvo formada por 8 enfermeras. El muestreo teórico de variación máxima. La técnica de obtención de información fue el grupo de discusión con grabación de audio. Se realizó un análisis temático de contenido. Se siguieron los criterios de confiabilidad y autenticidad, así como el proceso de reflexividad durante todo el estudio. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de Investigación Clínica (CEIC). Resultados: Emergieron 2 grandes temas: la definición de colaboración interprofesional y propuestas de futuro. Las enfermeras consideran que la confianza y el respeto son la base de la colaboración interprofesional y aseguran la continuidad de los objetivos planificados. La comunicación y la relación entre iguales son dos de los factores que intervienen en la colaboración interprofesional. Es necesario cambiar de una jerarquía convencional a una visión compartida que mejoraría la participación de las enfermeras. Conclusiones: Los grandes pilares de la colaboración interdisciplinar son la comunicación efectiva y el trabajo en equipo, basado en la confianza y el respeto. Las líneas futuras de trabajo van enfocadas a la formación interdisciplinar de los futuros profesionales, la implantación real del pase conjunto y la mejora del clima laboral. (AU)

Purpose: Understanding the nurses experience who work in the ICUs of a high complexity hospital in Barcelona in relation to interprofessional collaboration. Methodology: Interpretative description by a qualitative exploratory and multicenter design. The study area was four ICUs from four high complexity, public and universitary hospitals. The sample consisted of 8 nurses. Theoretical sampling of maximum variation was used. The information gathering technique was the discussion group with audio recording. A thematic content analysis was carried out. The criteria of reliability and authenticity, as well as the process of reflexivity, were followed throughout the study. The study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CEIC). Results: Two major themes emerged: the definition of interprofessional collaboration and proposals for the future. Nurses consider that trust and respect are the basis of interprofessional collaboration and ensure the continuity of planned objectives. Communication and the relationship between equals are two of the factors involved in interprofessional collaboration. It is necessary to change from a conventional hierarchy to a shared vision that would improve the participation of nurses. Conclusions: The great pillars of interdisciplinary collaboration are effective communication and teamwork, based on trust and respect. Future lines of work are focused on the interdisciplinary training of future professionals, the actual implementation of the clinical sessions and the improvement of the work environment. (AU)

Satisfaction of intensive care unit patients linked to clinical and organisational factors: A cross-sectional multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: The satisfaction of critical care patients with the nursing care they receive is a key indicator of the quality of hospital care. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to analyse the level of satisfaction of critical care patients in relation to the nursing care received and to determine the relationship between the level of satisfaction and sociodemographic, clinical, and organisational variables. DESIGN: This was a prospective, descriptive correlational study. SETTING AND METHODS: The population consisted of all patients discharged from the intensive care units (ICUs) of 19 hospitals in Spain between December 2018 and December 2019. The level of satisfaction was measured using the validated Nursing Intensive Care Satisfaction Scale, and sociodemographic, clinical, and organisational data were collected. RESULTS: Participants' mean age (n = 677) was 59.7 (standard deviation: 16.1), and 62.8% of them were men (n = 426). Satisfaction with the nursing care received was 5.66 (SD: 0.68) out of a possible 6. The score for overall satisfaction presented statistically significant relationships with the hours of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.034), with the participant's perception of own health status (p = 0.01), with the participant's perceived degree of own recovery (p = 0.01), with the hospital's complexity level (p = 0.002), with the type of hospital (p = 0.005), and with the type of ICU (p = 0.004). Finally, the logistic regression model shows that the Nursing Intensive Care Satisfaction Scale score was not linked to age or sex but did have a statistically significant relationship with the perceived degree of recovery (p < 0.001) and the type of ICU (p=<0.001). The variables that predicted satisfaction were age, degree of recovery, and the type of ICU. CONCLUSION: Several studies show that patient satisfaction is related to the patient's perceived health status and perceived degree of recovery, a finding that is confirmed in our study. Our study moves beyond these outcomes to show that the hours of mechanical ventilation and the characteristics of the hospital also have a significant relationship with patients' satisfaction.

Psychometric properties of the Nursing Intensive Care Satisfaction Scale: A multicentre cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Patient satisfaction with nursing care is an indicator of patient satisfaction with the hospital stay in general. The Nursing Intensive Care Satisfaction Scale is the only scale about patient satisfaction with nursing care received in an intensive care unit that incorporates the critically ill patient's perspective into its design and validation. We validated the scale nationally, incorporating intensive care units at public and private hospitals of different levels of complexity in Spain. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to validate in Spanish intensive care units the Nursing Intensive Care Satisfaction Scale, a patient-centred questionnaire that evaluates recently discharged intensive care patients' satisfaction with the nursing care they received. DESIGN: We used a psychometric quantitative methodology and a descriptive cross-sectional design. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in intensive care units at level II and III public and private hospitals throughout Spain. The study population was all patients discharged from intensive care units from December 2018 to December 2019 from the 19 participating hospitals. We used consecutive sampling until reaching a sample size of 677 patients. The assessment instruments were given to patients at discharge and 48 h later to measure temporal stability. METHODS: The validation process included the analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient), temporal stability (test-retest), construct validity through a confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion validity using the Pearson correlation coefficient and three criterion items that assessed similar constructs. RESULTS: The reliability of the scale was 0.97, and the factors obtained values between 0.87 and 0.96. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total scale was 0.83, indicating good temporal stability. Construct validity showed a good fit and a four-factor structure, in accordance with the theoretical model. Criterion validity presented a correlation that was between moderate and high (range: 0.46 to 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: The Nursing Intensive Care Satisfaction Scale has good psychometric properties, demonstrating its ability to accurately measure patient satisfaction across a range of contexts in Spain. Continuous monitoring of satisfaction will allow nurses to identify areas for improvement that can increase the quality of care.

Impact of a Nurse-Driven Patient Empowerment Intervention on the Reduction in Patients' Anxiety and Depression During ICU Discharge: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of a nurse-driven patient empowerment intervention on anxiety and depression of patients during ICU discharge. DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Three ICUs (1 medical, 1 medical and surgical, and 1 coronary) of three tertiary hospitals. PATIENTS: Adults admitted to the ICU greater than 18 years old for greater than or equal to 48 hours with preserved consciousness, the ability to communicate and without delirium, who were randomized to receive the nurse-driven patient empowerment intervention (NEI) (intervention group [IG] or standard of care [control group (CG)]) before ICU discharge. INTERVENTION: The NEI consisted of an individualized intervention with written information booklets, combined with verbal information, mainly about the ICU process and transition to the ward, aimed at empowering patients in the transition process from the ICU to the general ward. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale before and after (up to 1 wk) ICU discharge. IG ( n = 91) and CG ( n = 87) patients had similar baseline characteristics. The NEI was associated with a significant reduction in anxiety and depression ( p < 0.001) and the presence of depression ( p = 0.006). Patients with comorbidities and those without family or friends had greater reductions in anxiety and depression after the NEI. After the intervention, women and persons with higher education levels had lower negative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: We found that a NEI before ICU discharge can decrease anxiety and depression in critically ill survivors. The long-term effect of this intervention should be assessed in future trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04527627 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04527627 ).

Modelos de evaluación de la calidad de la atención de enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario: revisión de la literatura / Models for evaluating the quality of nursing care in the hospital environment: a literature review

Objetivo: Identificar las características de los modelos de evaluación de la calidad de la atención de enfermería y los resultados generados en términos de calidad y seguridad del paciente en un entorno hospitalario descritos en la literatura científica de los últimos 25 años. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed y Scopus. Se incluyeron artículos sobre modelos de evaluación de la calidad publicados en inglés, español y portugués entre 1995 y 2020. La revisión se desarrolló en 5 pasos: identificación del problema; búsqueda de literatura; agrupando la información de los estudios; analizar e integrar los resultados de los estudios; e interpretar la evidencia y presentar los resultados. Cada paso fue realizado por dos revisores independientes. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 8 artículos para la revisión. Existe una gran heterogeneidad en la definición de los modelos de evaluación de la calidad y los indicadores a utilizar. El modelo de evaluación de la calidad de Donabedian es el más utilizado. Conclusión: Los modelos de evaluación de la calidad están adaptados o implementados parcialmente. (AU)

Aim: To identify the characteristics of the models for evaluating the quality of nursing care and the results generated in terms of quality and patient safety in a hospital setting described in the scientific literature over the last 25 years.Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus. Articles on quality evaluation models published in English, Spanish and Portuguese between 1995 and 2020 were included. The review was developed in 5 steps: problem identification; literature search; grouping the information from the studies; analyzing and integrating the results of the studies; and interpreting the evidence and presenting the results. Each step was performed by two independent reviewers.Results: 8 articles were selected for the review. There is a great degree of heterogeneity in the definition of the quality evaluation models and the indicators to be used. Donabedian’s quality evaluation model is the most widely used.Conclusion: Quality assessment models are adapted or partially implemented. (AU)

Evaluación del uso de clickers en relación a la participación, el aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes en el grado de enfermería. Un estudio de investigación de métodos mixtos / Evaluation of the use of clickers in terms of student participation, learning and academic performance on the bachelor degree in nursing: a mixed-method research study

Objetivo. Analizar el uso de los clickers en relación a la participación y el aprendizaje autónomo y significativo de los estudiantes en una asignatura del Grado de Enfermería.Metodología. Diseño de método mixto. Ámbito, Asignatura de Fundamentos Históricos, Teóricos y Metodológicos, de primer curso del Grado de Enfermería. Población de 1.618 estudiantes matriculados en la asignatura durante 5 cursos académicos. Muestreo por conveniencia. Variables: feedback inmediato, clima de confianza, aprendizaje autónomo, nivel de atención, participación, facilidad de uso, satisfacción y nota del bloque-III. Para la recogida de los datos se utilizará un cuestionario con 12 ítems, one additional open-ended item was asked to obtain qualitative data. Análisis descriptivo mediante frecuencias y porcentajes. Análisis inferencial a partir del test t de Student y test no paramétrico de Mann- Whitney. Para las variables cualitativas el test de Chi2. PASW-Statistics 21. Análisis de contenido de la narrativa de la open-ended item. NVivo-12.Resultados. Muestra final fue de 610 estudiantes. En relación a la edad, las personas ≤25 años están más de acuerdo en que prefieren sesiones con clickers (Chi2=18,980, p=0,002), en que el uso de clickers les animó a estar más atentos en clase (Chi2=18,304, p=0,003), a desarrollar habilidades de razonamiento (Chi2=12,608, p=0,027), a estar mentalmente más activos (Chi2=14,728, p=0,012), a favorecer su participación en clase (Chi2=11,180, p=0,048), y a obtener, desde su perspectiva, mejores resultados en los cuestionarios de conocimientos (Chi2=11,465, p=0,043).Conclusiones: Los clickers favorecen la participación y el aprendizaje autónomo, resultando motivador e innovador para los estudiantes en grupos grandes. (AU)

Objective. Analysing the use of clickers in terms of participation and autonomous and meaningful learning among students on a course of the Bachelor Degree in Nursing.Methods. Mixed method design. Settings. The Historical, Theoretical and Methodological Foundations course in the first year of the Bachelor Degree in Nursing. Population of 1,618 students enrolled on the course over 5 academic years. Convenience sampling Variables: immediate feedback, climate of confidence, self-directed learning, level of attention, participation, ease of use, satisfaction and grade for block-III. To collect the data, a survey with 12 items was used, as well as one additional open-ended item asked to obtain qualitative data. Descriptive analysis based on frequencies and percentages. Inferential analysis based on the Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The Chi2 test was used for qualitative variables. PASW-Statistics 21. Content analysis of the narrative responses to the open-ended item. NVivo-12.Results. The final sample was 610 students. In terms of age, people ≤25 years old agree more strongly that they prefer clicker sessions (Chi2=18.980, p=0.002), and that the use of clickers helped them to be more attentive in class (Chi2=18.304, p=0.003), to develop reasoning skills (Chi2=12.608, p=0.027), to be more mentally active (Chi2=14.728, p=0.012), to enhance their participation in class (Chi2=11.180, p=0.048), and to obtain better results in knowledge tests, from their perspective (Chi2=11.465, p=0.043).Conclusions. Clickers enhance participation and self-directed learning, proving to be motivating and innovative for students in large groups. (AU)

Moral distress, emotional impact and coping in intensive care unit staff during the outbreak of COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: From the beginning, the COVID-19 pandemic increased ICU workloads and created exceptionally difficult ethical dilemmas. ICU staff around the world have been subject to high levels of moral stress, potentially leading to mental health problems. There is only limited evidence on moral distress levels and coping styles among Spanish ICU staff, and how they influenced health professionals' mental health during the pandemic. OBJECTIVES: To assess moral distress, related mental health problems (anxiety and depression), and coping styles among ICU staff during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: The study setting consisted of intensive care unit and areas converted into intensive care units in public and private hospitals. A total of 434 permanent and temporary intensive care staff (reassigned due to the pandemic from other departments to units) answered an online questionnaire between March and June 2020. METHODS: Sociodemographic and job variables, moral distress, anxiety, depression, and coping mechanisms were anonymously evaluated through a self-reported questionnaire. Descriptive and correlation analyses were conducted and multivariate linear regression models were developed to explore the predictive ability of moral distress and coping on anxiety and depression. RESULTS: Moral distress during the pandemic is determined by situations related to the patient and family, the intensive care unit, and resource management of the organisations themselves. intensive care unit staff already reached moderate levels of moral distress, anxiety, and depression during the first wave of the pandemic. Temporary staff (redeployed from other units) obtained higher scores in these variables (p = 0.04, p = 0.038, and p = 0.009, respectively) than permanent staff, as well as in greater intention to leave their current position (p = 0.03). This intention was also stronger in health staff working in areas converted into intensive care units (45.2%) than in normal intensive care units (40.2%) (p = 0.02). Moral distress, coupled with primarily avoidance-oriented coping styles, explains 37% (AdR2) of the variance in anxiety and 38% (AdR2) of the variance in depression. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals that the emotional well-being of intensive care unit staff was already at risk during the first wave of the pandemic. The moral distress they experienced was related to anxiety and depression issues, as well as the desire to leave the profession, and should be addressed, not only in permanent staff, but also in temporary staff, redeployed to these units as reinforcement workers.

Patients' experience while transitioning from the intensive care unit to a ward.

BACKGROUND: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients can experience emotional distress and post-traumatic stress disorder when they leave the ICU, also referred to as post-intensive care syndrome. A deeper understanding of what patients go through and what they need while they are transitioning from the ICU to the general ward may provide input on how to strengthen patient-centred care and, ultimately, contribute to a positive experience. AIM: To describe the patients' experience while transitioning from the ICU to a general ward. DESIGN: A descriptive qualitative study. METHOD: Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and analysed using a qualitative content analysis. The qualitative study was reported in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. FINDINGS: Forty-eight interviews were conducted. Impact on emotional well-being emerged as a main theme, comprising four categories with six subcategories. CONCLUSION: Transition from the ICU can be a shock for the patient, leading to the emergence of a need for information, and an impact on emotional well-being that has to be planned for carefully and addressed prior to, during, and following transition from the ICU to the general ward. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is essential that nurses understand patients' experiences during transfer, identifying needs and concerns to be able to develop and implement new practices such as ICU Liaison Nurse or Nurse Outreach for the follow-up of these patients, the inclusion of a consultant mental health nurse, and the application of patient empowerment during ICU discharge.

Nursing Interventions for Patient Empowerment during Intensive Care Unit Discharge: A Systematic Review.

Intensive care unit discharge is an important transition that impacts a patient's wellbeing. Nurses can play an essential role in this scenario, potentiating patient empowerment. A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (the PRISMA Statement. Embase), PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CUIDEN Plus, and LILACS databases; these were evaluated in May 2021. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence. Quality of the studies included was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Of the 274 articles initially identified, eight randomized controlled trials that reported on nursing interventions had mainly focused on patients' ICU discharge preparation through information and education. The creation of ICU nurse-led teams and nurses' involvement in critical care multidisciplinary teams also aimed to support patients during ICU discharge. This systematic review provides an update on the clinical practice aimed at improving the patient experience during ICU discharge. The main nursing interventions were based on information and education, as well as the development of new nursing roles. Understanding transitional needs and patient empowerment are key to making the transition easier.

Academic evaluation, management and satisfaction of clinical practicums among undergraduate students: software CliPrAS@UB.

AIM/OBJECTIVE: To determine the development of competency acquisition, the satisfaction of the agents involved and recording incidents with a digital platform CliPrAS @UB on the Clinical Placements I and II courses in the second and third years of the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing. BACKGROUND: The teaching of clinical practice subjects requires an analysis of the competence evolution, a management structure and an analysis of the satisfaction of the agents involved in the subject. DESIGN: Prospective, analytical, observational cohort study. METHODS: The study was carried out in a public university center in Barcelona with 387 students distributed in nine centers of the network of Health Institutions. RESULTS: An increase of 2.32 points was observed in the competence dimensions of Professional Practice and with a reduction in the average score in the skills of care provision, therapeutic communication and professional development of more than 0.08 points. Regarding the seminars, a reduction of the average global score of 0.58 points was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the CliPrAS @ UB computer platform has improved the implementation of the mandatory documents, the recording of incidents and the overall satisfaction of the students.